The era of wide-field spectroscopic surveys such as WEAVE, DESI, and 4MOST, along with forthcoming facilities like the Wide-Field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) and MOSAIC, is delivering millions of spectra that encode the chemical and structural history of the Universe. The sheer volume of this data makes traditional human-supervised analysis intractable and necessitates the transition to...
Galaxy mergers are fundamental to the hierarchical assembly and evolution of galaxies, often driving starburst activity and AGN fueling. Identifying mergers and their stages, such as pre- and post-coalescence, from imaging alone, especially given the vast size of modern datasets, remains extremely challenging. We develop a supervised deep learning framework using Convolutional Neural Networks...
AMS-02 has recorded over 250 billion cosmic-ray events aboard the ISS since 2011. Its Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) separates electrons and positrons from the far more abundant cosmic-ray proton background. The conventional likelihood estimator for this task does not fully capture layer-to-layer dependencies, nor the effect of secondary particles and transition-radiation absorption...
